As a target vertical circulation between the floors, stairs should provide security and comfort for pemakainya.Tangga a safe and comfortable means the user did not feel worried when walking up and down stairs. Planning for a comfortable ladder means must consider several factors, such as large load will be accepted by the stairs, ladder type, and materials to be used.
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Laksmitasari According to Rita, ST , outstanding faculty Trisakti University Department of Architecture, the stairs would be comfortable used when the user does not feel difficult and tired when using it. Because in the design of stairs, first consider who I am who use the stairs; whether their children or the elderly. Basically, anyone who uses the stairs, they should feel comfortable.
To give a sense of comfort when climbing the stairs, there are several factors to consider when planning, such as:
· height and size of the child (footing) ladder
· The slope (steepness)
· Use of fence stairs (railing & ; bluster)
· Use
borders
· anti-slip material, and
· lighting in the stairwell
1. Steps
term that can be used in making the ladder is a measure of "high" and "width" will be stairs. Referred to as wide an area the size of the stairs is the stair where the foot planted on it. While the child's height is the difference in height between ladder one rung to another rung.
To achieve the ideal level of comfort, stair widths in residences 20-33 cm, while the higher rungs between 15-18 cm.
order not to disturb the comfort, there is a formula that could be a benchmark in determining the height and width of the stairs. Higher rungs denoted by (a) and width of the steps (b). Ideally
is 2a + b = 60-65 cm
If 2a + b = 60-65 cm, then it will be very steep stairs. In the meantime, if 2a + b \u0026lt;60, then the ladder will be very gentle. It has a really steep staircase saves space, because the stairs are not wide. But such steps are not comfortable and more dangerous for small children or the elderly. The height and width affect the steepness of a staircase ladder. The greater height of the stairs, the more steep stairs. Meanwhile, if you want a sloping ladder, then the width of the ladder should be big. The height of each step must also be exactly the same from the very bottom to the top. If one rung only differ in size, it will feel awkward for a past due someone usually always go with the same rhythm. 2. The slope of the slope of the stairs Stairs Size (in degrees) is a high ratio of stairs (ground floor with upper floor) with a length of stairs (the space needed for the stairs). The coefficient of the slope of the ladder can be calculated with the formula: z = y / xz = slope coefficient y = height of stairs stairs (cm) x = length of ladder (cm) the slope coefficient (z) = 1 means y = x and form a slope of 450 Based on the slope, stairs differentiated by: 1. Sloping floor, 6o - 20o slope coefficient from 0.1 to 0.36 2. Stairs ramps, 20o - 24o slope coefficient from 0.36 to 0.44 3. Regular ladder, 24o - 45o slope coefficient 0.44 - 1.0 4. Steep stairs, stair-saving, 45o - 75o slope coefficient of 1.0 to 3.7 5. Up stairs, stair level, 75o - 90o slope coefficient> 3.7
To obtain the ideal staircase with a slope of 24o - 45o, high ladder (y) must be no larger than the long staircase (x), maximum y = x. ladder that is too flat (y much smaller than x) is also uncomfortable, because the feet are forced to climb the stairs more with a certain height.
3. Fences and Stairs Handbook
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Some say fence and railing (railing) not necessary, provided the level of comfort and security is high enough. That is, the comfort aspect is concerned with setting the size width and height of the steps. However, for safety's sake, especially if you have family members who are still small, fixed railing is used.
The fence poles on the stairs (baluster) serves as a safety. With the baluster, people will avoid the risk of falling when climbing or down the stairs. Therefore baluster must be made sufficiently tight, high 90-100 cm, and did not produce the sharp, so that the children were not injured when should affect the bluster.
4. Bordes
To provide comfort, there are standard rules for the manufacture of stairs. Any height maximum of 12 steps (at 1.5 - 2m) must be made landing (landing), which is a flat platform that is wide enough to move horizontally by about three or four steps before climbing to the next rung.
Each height maximum of 12 steps (at 1.5 - 2 m) must be made landing (landing) ..
5. Anti Slip
lurking danger that is often when people use the ladder is slipping (slip), usually occurs at the elbow end of the stairs. To prevent this, known nosing product (sometimes called a step nosing) whose function is to make the tip angled stair rougher.
Step nosing is made of rubber, aluminum, or ceramic. Serrated surface for the user steps stopped at the end of the ladder and not slip. Step nosing of the ceramic material is installed when installing ceramic tile on concrete stairs. How, at the end of the elbow leave any gaps that have not closed ceramics. On the edge of the nosing of the ceramic is installed. Installation
nosing other barium, such as rubber or aluminum, made after the stairs so. Way, screwed on the stair nosing. Some theaters are dark room, such as cinemas and theaters, and even take advantage of nosing as a guide when people step up the stairs. Nosing uses fluorescent materials capable of light in the dark.
6. Lighting Lighting
including important factor which should be observed when designing ladder. Lighting in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stairs, in addition will make the stairs more visible appearance, also help users feel more secure and comfortable, especially at night. It is not no fun if there are people who fell only because of the lack of light in the surrounding area of \u200b\u200bthe stairs?
lighting during the day should take advantage of natural light. Therefore, the ladder area must be given sufficient openings to allow incoming sunlight and illuminate this area.
At night, lighting the lamp is fully sourced. Installation of lights on the stairs area, in addition to considering aspects of safety and comfort, to consider the aesthetic aspect. So the appearance of the ladder be better.
Lights to illuminate the area of \u200b\u200bthe ladder can be mounted on the ceiling, above stairs or below stairs. Around the lamp (the on / off) should be installed on the basement walls and floors above and connected in parallel. This method allows the user to the stairs to turn off and turn on lights when going up or down the stairs.
lamp type should be selected on the stairs area lights that emit a warm colored light for the atmosphere in the house really feels familiar and friendly. The lights that provide a warm colored light is yellow or orange or a color close to natural light.
Source: Magazine serial Houses (Serial Appliances)
http://www.kampustekniksipil.co.cc
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